Exploration of a business or management related topic relevant to your Assignment - 1

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS SIMULATION Modeling - Essay Example At long last, assess the aftereffects of reenactment (Banks, 2005, p.16). Despite the fact that there are numerous kinds of recreation, this task centers around probabilistic reenactment utilizing Monte Carlo strategy (Torries, 1998, p.59). It is likewise called PC recreation which is a numerical procedure including the demonstrating of a stochastic framework to anticipate the frameworks conduct. The basic charactertistic of Monte Carlo reenactment is the opportunity component (Kalos and Whitlock, 2008, p.116). This methodology is utilized whenever the procedure given has an irregular or chance part. In this technique, a given issue is unraveled by reenacting the first information with irregular number generators (Pinsky and Karlin, 2010, p.285). The model built here is the likelihood conveyance of the variable being referred to. The appropriation can be acquired through direct perception or from past records (Hoekstra and Shachak, 1999, p.180). The target of the examination venture is to make reenactment of a stock framework. The stock administration reenactment is a PC based recreation which creates request and keeps up every single essential record. Autonomous interest stock models follow the old style model of financial request amount. Stock holding firms will bear two sorts of costs, requesting and holding costs. Requesting costs incorporate things like work, transportation, request preparing and examination. It is expressed for the most part as a fixed expense for each request and varieties can likewise be incorporated like amount limits. Holding costs incorporate things like protection, outdated nature, warehousing, charges, the executives. It is expressed as a level of unit cost per timespan or a sum for every thing per timeframe. The EOQ model can be characterized as an old style tradeoff model similarly as with the expansion in number of requests per timespan, the requesting cost increments and holding cost diminis hes. The reason for stock administration is to limit both requesting and holding costs. At the point when variety is

What is Earnest Money

What is Earnest Money Every real estate seller is mostly looking for serious buyers and not window shoppers. And there are various ways they ensure this. One major way is through earnest money.In real estate financing, earnest money is a deposit or payment given by an interested buyer to the seller of a home offer, to show commitment to the purchase.This deposit makes clear the buyers seriousness about purchasing the home. It also confirms to the seller that the buyer will be true to their own end of the purchase deal.Take for example a survey carried out by the Atlanta Real Estate Group which showed that 78% of homes on the market had multiple-multiple offers.In such situations, the seller would require a buyer to show deep commitment. Source: Metro Atlanta SuburbsThe seller of the home will make clear the terms and amount of the earnest money deposit. However, the earnest money after a particular period of time could become non-refundable.This period is known as the option period. Nevertheless, some agreements might state that under certain conditions the deposit can be refunded to the buyer.Most times earnest money is held in a trust account or escrow until the deal is closed and the funds are utilized as part of the homes purchase price.Keep in mind it is not to be mistaken for closing costs or down payments and we will get to that later.Earnest money will make your offer to purchase a home, stand out from the ones from other applicants.WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF EARNEST MONEY? A recent survey showed that interest in purchasing homes is on the increase in the United States, which proves an increase in the amount of buyers purchasing properties.But how do you know who is a serious buyer among those simply interested? Source: FortuneLets answer that like this; when you walk into a restaurant and ask to join as a cook, they likely will ask you what sort of meals you can make, just to ensure that you are worth their time and will not end up wasting it.When selling properties, people would hate to have their time taken by an unserious buyer with a mirage interest that will properly take their eyes of real buyers.This is why the earnest money deposit is essential.Also, known as good faith payment, it showcases the genuine interest of the buyer to the offer.HOW MUCH IS NEEDED FOR EARNEST MONEYHow much you need for your earnest money deposit will differ based on the market.There is no definite amount or figure, but most times it is equivalent to 1% to 3% of the buying price of the home offer.Nevertheless, there are certain situations, when an escrow payment of $1000 is good enough, it basically dependent on the home seller.If youre a buyer, its quite wise to try to get away with the smallest deposit amo unt possible. This is because there may be cases where youd need to back out of the agreement.However, keep in mind that sellers will be targeting to get a large earnest payment because they need to be certain of the sellers commitment.In a buyers market with poor home offer sales, as a buyer, you would be able to deposit a much smaller amount on the property due to you being the only offer.If you decide to purchase a home from a buyers market, where numerous bids are commonplace, the seller most likely will require a bigger deposit.You need to work with an experienced and qualified real estate agent who will help you guide you through the entire buying process, including the appropriate amount of earnest money.What is the Difference between Earnest Money Deposit and a Down Payment?Down payments and Earnest money are both major aspects of the home buying procedure, but they certainly are not the same thing.However, in both scenarios, the more cash you offer, the higher your chances of securing the home of your choice.SO WHATS THE DIFFERENCE? As weve seen already a strong good faith or earnest money deposit basically acts as a surety and compels the seller of the home to accept the buyers offer.This acceptance makes him take the house off the market instead of waiting for offers from other prospective buyers.In situations where the seller has numerous offers, a high earnest money deposit would certainly set you aside from the competition of additional buyers.For very expensive homes, your real estate agent may be able to get a lower deposit amount.As a rule of thumb, earnest money is as low as the seller is willing to take and as much as the buyer is capable of offering.If you plan to make an earnest money deposit, always ensure the money in your bank account can cover the deposit amount before you give the seller the check.The EMD is generally transferred to the title company once the contract is totally ratified and it will be cashed shortly after that.The ca rd is kept in an escrow account till the deal is closed. If however, the agreement goes as planned; the earnest money is most times applied to your down payment.In the scenario you negate the deal due to contingencies stated in your offer, such as the outcome of the home inspection, you most likely will get your earnest money deposit refunded.Ensure that the refund agreements are studied carefully before making deposits.WHAT IS DOWN PAYMENT? The down payment, on the other hand, is the number of funds the lender requires you to place down with regards to the purchase of the home.Generally, it is based on a certain percentage of the sales price.This amount is most times established quite early in the loan application procedure with your lender.Down payment amounts can differ from 3.5% for FHA loans to 20% for particular conventional loans. The source of the money usually has to be checked and certified by the lender.With high down payments, youll get very high chances of getting appr oved for a mortgage. Also, youll get reduced monthly mortgage payment and greater equity in your new property.Now we know down payments and earnest money deposits are very different things lets see what the various contingencies a buyer would need to ensure are included before making his/her deposit to a seller.Before that though, we need to know what exactly a contingency is.WHAT ARE CONTINGENCIES? Most contracts, whether related to property or not, possess various provisions which outline the conditions under which the deal or contract could be canceled.These provisions are termed as contingencies. Simply put, the home offer is contingent on some particular listed things.These contingencies are legal loopholes that permit you to back out of your contract, should any of them happen to occur. Basically, you can have contingencies for anything that can cross your mind.Yes, that means you can whip up a contingency which states that “This offer is contingent on the walls colored blu e or This contract is contingent on grass being on the lawn.If you were to add those and the lawn had no grass or the wall was colored white, you would back out of the deal and cancel it without any repercussions.Now, these are just examples with the intention to illustrate how a contingency works. So what type of contingencies would you actually put in a home offer?First, you must understand that the more contingencies a buyer puts in an offer the less likely a seller will be to accept it.If for instance, someone offered to purchase your house but only if 70 minor contingencies occurred, would you feel ok with it? Certainly not!However, keep in mind that contingencies are most times necessary to prevent yourself from getting into things you didnt expect.How to know which exact contingencies to add to a deal depends totally on the nature of the contract itself and who you are giving the offer too.If you are competing with so many people for a particular piece of real estate, you wo uld have to include very few contingencies than you would if you were submitting an offer for a contract with no competitionNow lets have a look at the various contingencies youd likely have to include in your home offer:1. Financing Financing contingents are extremely important. A financing contingent declares that the agreement or deal is contingent based on mortgage approval.For instance, if as a buyer your loan is denied for reasons beyond your control, then you will be able to get back your earnest money deposit.Just imagine what would happen if you wanted to purchase a home but when the deal is about to close, you suddenly found out your financing didnt work out as planned?As disappointing as that could be, youd end up losing your earnest money deposit if you do not have financing contingency to cover you.The financing contingency will permit you to back out of the deal and keep your earnest money should you be incapable of securing a loan.If you are paying in cash for the pro perty, you obviously wont have any need for the financing contingency, and your offer will certainly look a lot stronger to the seller.Some buyers choose not to add a financing contingency, even when using a loan.This is because it can set their home offer apart, since the seller is aware that theyll either get the earnest money deposit or the deal will close, regardless of what happens.Keep in mind though that if you opt for waiving the financing contingency but have to pay with a loan, this would increase the risk of parting with your earnest money deposit if something goes wrong with your financing.As a matter of fact, research has shown that middle-class Americans find it extremely difficult to secure financing, so having a deal without this contingent might be very risky if you fit into that class. Source: Fortune2. Sell Present Home First If you reside in a home presently that you have to sell first before being able to get approved for a new mortgage, this contingency will shield you.Hence, if you arent able to sell off your home and therefore are unable to complete the sale, youd be able to back out of the agreement.Keep in mind that this type of contingency is not easily accepted by sellers nor are they thrilled to see it, so this could reduce the chances of your home offer being accepted.3. Home Appraisal Results This contingency is based on the results of a home appraisal. Lenders use the home appraisal to grade the market value of the property.If for example, the appraisal returns lower than the previously agreed buying price, you can either ask for the price to reduced or get out of the deal altogether.4. Visible Title The property deed or home title is a document which reveals the legal owner of the property.A title firm will run a thorough title check to make sure the seller of the home has the legal right to put the property on the market. It will also check that there is wrong information on the title.5. Home Inspection Home inspections are set up and paid for by buyers. Even though it isnt necessary, it is greatly recommended. If your contingency as a buyer covers the inspection of the property.You can make the seller pay for all repairs that are required to be finished before the deal is closed.Its only possible to find out all there is to about the property when you go through it for a quick tour. Furthermore, you can go with a professional inspector to look out for any imperfection they can see about the property.An inspection contingency, therefore, offers you with the ability to check out everything about the home within a particular timeframe and pull out of the deal if you discover something you did not expect.With regards to residential homes, a 10-day home inspection contingency is typically accepted. What this means is after 10 days , you can no longer refer to the contingency nor is it applicable.These types of contingencies are quite common in most real estate contracts.However, some experienced buyers do choose to overlook this contingency, choosing to rather take the risk in believing that nothing unexpected will be found out during the inspection.If the unexpected does happen and such buyers have to back out, theyll most probably lose their earnest money deposit.Regardless though of the 10 days inspection norm, some investors or buyers choose shorter inspection periods like 3 days.Keep in mind though, that you must be able to get enough details of the house within the time frame you choose.WHO KEEPS THE EARNEST MONEY DEPOSIT?The earnest money deposit shouldnt be handed over to the seller directly, except in cases where its something negligible like a dollar.Rather, the deposit is typically kept by a third-party, most likely the attorney handling the deal or the title company.This makes sure that the rules that govern what occurs to the earnest moment deposit are obeyed.This usually happens when the deal has been signed and accepted by both parties and not before that.If you are going through a real estate agent, he/she would most likely direct you were around when to drop off the check for the earnest money deposit.WHAT HAPPENS TO THE DEPOSIT? Im sure you have been thinking, what exactly is the earnest money deposit used for? What ends up happening to it?Well, there are 3 possible scenarios which could play out, depending on how the deal goes.1. If the contract works out, the earnest money deposit becomes part of the cash you would be required to bring to closing as a buyer.For instance, if your down payment and closing costs added up to $40,000 but your earnest money deposit was $2000, you would be required to bring only $38,000 to the closing meeting.This is as directed by the attorney responsible for closing the deal or the title company.2. If the contract doesnt work out and the buyer is void of a legal reason to cancel, then the earnest money deposit is given to the seller, and the seller collects the earnest money.3. If the offer does not work out and the buyer has full legal rights to cancel, the earnest money deposit is refunded back.Keep in mind that these legal reasons mentioned are the contingencies we previously looked at.IN WHAT SITUATIONS CAN THE EARNEST MONEY BE FORFEITED? 1. When you waive your Contingencies In extremely competitive markets, its quite the typical thing to see buyers who waive contract contingents relating to inspection or financing. It might look very tempting to do the same if you are chasing after a specific property you really want.It will make you appear as a very attractive buyer to the seller. However, it comes with massive risks. And you guessed it right; you might end up losing your earnest money deposit to the seller.For instance, the financing contingency assures you that you will get your earnest money deposit back if financing isnt approved.Also, with the inspection contingency, you can cancel the contract and get your earnest money deposit refunded if there are certain issues discovered during the home inspection that made you rethink the offer and decide not to purchase it again.If as a buyer you waive all contingencies and you face home defect or financing issues, you wont be able to have your deposit refunded if you back out of the deal.However, in the case of inspection contingencies, if you really want the property and its a competitive one you may ask for an inspection of the home before proceeding to submit the offer.That way youd be able to tell ahead of time if there are major issues with the property that would end up making you not to purchase it. Then you can submit your offer without the home inspection contingency.With regards to the financing contingency, you may have to waive it to compete with buyers coming with cash? However, you need to be totally sure that the bank will giv e you the needed approval,2. Ignoring the Contract Timeline Your contract with any seller most times sets particular time frames that you need to follow to do inspections and secure financing.If you try to back out of the contract once any of the deadlines are crossed, you would forfeit your earnest money deposit.Generally speaking, so far as youve made all possible effort to stick to the contract timeline, most sellers will give you an extension if the bank or lender requires some more time or other uncontrollable circumstances affect things.All extensions have to be written and signed by both the buyer and seller.3. You Change Your Mind If you suddenly get a change of mind about the property you intend to purchase, but there isnt anything wrong with the home or the financing, youd most likely lose your earnest money deposit.The earnest money deposit acts as a shield for sellers when they decide to take off their property from the market.If as the deal is about to close you suddenl y decide you do not want to buy the home, the seller will get to have the earnest money deposit as compensation.This is for the money and time they must spend on putting their home on the market again and finding another buyer.Keep in mind that if you change your mind with no reason, you may not just lose the earnest money deposit alone. The seller could file a suit against you for specific performance as well as the tertiary cost inclusive.For example, say the sellers packed out of the home and the home is staged by introducing new furniture.When the property goes under contract, the seller takes out the furniture in order not to incur more staging costs.If the buyer suddenly decides not to buy any more with no specific reason, the cost which the seller bears would now be quite high, and it may be greater than the earnest deposit, so he/she sues.CONCLUSIONThe earnest money deposit is a way to show commitment to your interest to purchase a property as well as a shield to sellers of properties.It ensures that both parties get what they want and are able to comfortably close deals without questioning the commitment of one another.

Depression Amongst College Students - 1037 Words

am writing to you today because our colleges and universities across the country are faced with a major problem. The number of depressed students is increasing. These students are not able to get the help they deserve, and more importantly need. These institutions are not properly equipped to handle this problem adequately. Out of 8,500 students that participated in the study, only 22% of them received minimally adequate care, defined as â€Å"at least two months of antidepressant use plus at least three follow up visits to discuss medication or at least seven mental health-related counseling sessions† (DeBenedette, 2012). Mental health is an integral part of our day to day lives. When our mind cannot function properly, we cannot live our lives†¦show more content†¦This program proved to be successful; however, it was not implemented on all college campuses and only covers part of the mental health crisis on campuses. Our colleges and universities students need more access to resources to help deal with all the pressures of college life. Many universities have health clinics that deal with medical issues but very few have mental health clinics with qualified professionals that are able to handle the excessive numbers of depressed students. For example, Rutgers University one of the few schools that offers adequate psychiatric services that include psychiatric evaluations and medication monitoring. Students are given an initial 60 to 90 minute appointment where the psychiatrist will ask questions about feelings, family, and development and may or may not require laboratory testing. At the end of the appointment, the student is given treatment options and may be asked for a follow up visit. Most schools do not offer these kinds of resources. Schools need clinics that are â€Å"based on a community mental health center model that provide evaluation, medications, crisis intervention, psychotherapy, and hospitalization, if needed† (DeBenedett e, 2012). These types of clinics would make it easier for students to receive much needed help. In conclusion, I propose a project that would open dedicated mental health clinics at colleges and universities around the country.Show MoreRelatedCollege Students Exposure to Mental Illness743 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Many American students who graduate school seeking a higher education through college and or technical school is typically idolized amongst families and peers. Unfortunately, college has become extremely expensive for those living in the middle and lower class households. Many students often apply for student loans to compensate for what scholarships and federal financial aid to do not cover, such as the expenses of tuition, books, room and boarding fee. The stress of financial aid aloneRead MoreDepression And Anxiety Among College Students Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Anxiety and Depression disorders are two of the most common mental disorders in the United States (Falsafi, 2016). It appears that the two disorders are widespread amongst college students and most cannot manage the high demands and stress (Falsafi, 2016). Therefore, they feel more prone to depression and anxiety (Falsafi, 2016). According to the authors Miller Chung, mental health amongst college students in the United States is a growing public health concern and educators areRead MoreCollege Is A Time In Which People Are First Discovering1364 Words   |  6 Pages College is a time in which people are first discovering who they are, and what they would like to do with the rest of their lives. It is a point where for the first time in these young adults’ lives they are living on their own and actively making their own life decisions. These young adults are thrown into a world that seems so foreign to anything they have known, and so many new things are thrown their way that they just have to decide and do. The sudden newness of it all can cause many stressorsRead MoreWe Must Take Action Against Suicide957 Words   |  4 Pagesleading cause of death amongst adolescents and teenagers. In the past twenty-five years, the general occurrence of suicide has decreased, yet the rate for those between ages fifteen and twenty-four have tripled, ages that encompasses both high school and college students. Although the decision to commit suicide is highly personal and may not be fully determined, there are certain situations and circumstances that s hare common threads. 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One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legalRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Children1736 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduc tion Depression has been known to affect more than 350 million people worldwide every year (World Health Organization, October 2015) and the illness does not discriminate on age, race, ethnicity or religion. The definition pulled from the Mayo Clinic sums up depression as a mood disorder that causes loss of interest and sadness (Mayo Clinic Staff, 1996-2016), yet depression goes much further than just lack of interest in activities and sadness. Depression can affect sleeping habits, fluctuateRead MoreThe Effects Of First Generation College Students1133 Words   |  5 PagesFirst generation college students are those who are seeking to be the first in their family to earn a degree, according to UCLA. First- generation students can come from low, middle, or high income families without a history of going to college. Families of first generation students can either be supportive of the students plan for a high education or make them feel family pressure to enter the workforce right after hi gh school like they did. First generation students often do not know their optionsRead MorePositive, Positive And Positive Psychology1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrates the benefits of keeping high hope includes, positive emotions (Snyder, 2009), a negative correlation with sadness and emotional problems (Ciarrochi et al., 2007), low levels of depression and anxiety (Snyder et al, 1997) and students with high hope have reported feeling more confident and motivated compared to students with low hope (Snyder et al, 2002). Moreover, Lazarus (1991), has identified hope to be a coping mechanism for individuals that are dealing with stressful, painful or traumatic life

Delivery Of The Cas Components - 1306 Words

Delivery of CRISPR-Cas Components: CRISPR systems are generally delivered in the cell using normal methods of transfection such as microinjection, gene gun, electroporation, sonoporation, and using viruses such as adenoviruses and lentiviruses. In cultured mammalian cells, researchers have used electroporation, nucleofection, and Lipofectamine mediated transfection methods to deliver vectors expressing the gene for gRNAs and Cas9 endonuclease. In cultured human and mouse cells, Lentiviral vectors have also been used as a mode of delivery of genes. In addition to animal models and cell lines, Cas9 has been used successfully in a lot of plant species including wheat, rice, sorghum, tobacco, and thalecress using a range of standard delivery methods such as PEG-mediated transformation of protoplasts, Agrobacterium-mediated transfer in embryos and leaf tissue, and/or bombardment of callus cells with plasmid DNA. [1] As a novel method of gene delivery, scientists at North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have made use of a nanoscale vehicle made of DNA to deliver CRISPR Cas9 complex into both cell cultures as well as animal models. This method relies on directly delivering the Cas9 protein in the cell instead of transfecting DNA into the cell. This method of delivery has been commonly stated as the Nanoclew mechanism of delivery. This method is highly compatible since the delivery system is made of DNA. The DNA is engineered to partiallyShow MoreRelatedExploring Data Sources And Gathering Appropriate Information783 Words   |  4 Pagesthe completion year, the project size (gross area), budgets and actual costs, building types, delivery methods, green features, number of RFIs, change orders, number of project participants, and other components. For instance, 30 case studies with full-implemented LIB are represented in Table 2. 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India’s Transformation Free Essays

Summary India adopted a democratic system of government and a mixed economy after gaining independence in 1947. However, a large part of their economy was still comprised of state-owned entities. Because of this, the private sector was stifled and any growth came only with hard-won government permission. We will write a custom essay sample on India’s Transformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was especially true in the auto, chemical, and steel industries. Compounding the issue of strict government control was the fact that various laws made it difficult for businesses in the private sector to flourish. If a business grew to over 100 employees, then it was very difficult to fire a worker. In turn, business owners kept the size of their firm under the threshold. Unfortunately, those businesses did not grow to their full potential and could not reach the size necessary to be competitive in the international market. At this time, due to the rules and regulations, India was not taking advantage of foreign direct investments. Thankfully, the lack of progress and growth led the government to reform the economic system. In 1991, many industries once closed to the private sector, including electricity generation, oil industry, steel production, air transport and telecommunications, were opened. Foreign investments were given automatic approval up to a 51 percent stake in an Indian enterprise and, in some cases, 100 percent investment was granted. Tariffs on imports were dramatically reduced as were income tax rates and corporate tax rates. Each of these measures led to an increased rate of economic progress and tremendous growth within India’s private sector. India’s economy is still in a transition phase. While they have seen growth in private sector enterprise and increased foreign investment, they still have to navigate political barriers and help mitigate risks. Some import tariffs are still in place because the government fears a flood of inexpensive Chinese products. In addition, even though the private sector has proven more efficient than state-owned enterprises, there are still barriers to privatization. For instance, the Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without the consent of parliament. India also continues to work towards a market economy to keep the country attractive to potential investors. There are many benefits to investing early in India: the country has a large market population with the potential for continued high growth that can offer first-mover advantages. However, investors do need to take the risks into consideration: adhering to the local laws could be an unwanted cost as well as working within a legal system that may not provide the necessary protection for contract and property rights violations. As India continues to move toward a free market economy, they will continue to see growth in their private sector enterprises and foreign investment. The government will need to support this growth and continue to reform regulations so businesses can grow and become competitive on a greater scale. This will also make the country more attractive to foreign direct investment where investors can take advantage of India’s growing economy. Questions 1. From 1947 to 1990, India operated under a mixed economy system. This economic system is a blend of private ownership and free market enterprise with state ownership and government planning. During this time, the mixed economy in India was dominated by state-owned enterprises, centralized planning and subsidies. This prevented the private sector in India from growing, especially in the auto, chemical and steel production industries which were specifically state-owned enterprises. Today, India is moving toward a market economy where productive activities are primarily privately owned. However, state-owned firms still account for 38 percent of national output in the nonfarm sector. There are several impediments to completing a full transformation to a market economy in India. For example, a reduction in import tariffs has stalled due to political pressure. Politicians fear a flood of inexpensive products from China if the barriers are taken away. Also, it is still very difficult for privatization within the oil industry. The Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without explicit approval from parliament. In addition, there is a disincentive for business owners to grow their firms more than 100 employees. Labor laws make it almost impossible for firms to fire an employee if the business is greater than 100 employees. This does not allow the firm to attain the scale necessary to compete internationally. 2. The economic system constrained the growth of the private sector. Private companies needed permission from the government to expand. It could take years to receive permission and several heavy industry products were reserved for state-owned enterprises. Even though private firms are 30 – 40 percent more efficient than state-owned firms, the extensive government regulations prevent the growth of private businesses and creation of new businesses. These factors negatively affected the rate of economic growth in India. While other Southeast Asian nations were enjoying economic growth and progress, India was still struggling with a small economy despite having a population of 950 million. The GDP was $310 and only 2. 3 percent of the population had a household income greater than $2,484. At the time, the World Bank estimated that 40 percent of the world’s desperately poor lived in India. Compounding these issues was the fact that less than half the population could read and very few had access to clean sanitation. Without basic necessities, a population will find it difficult to survive much less grow and flourish. 3. Privatization, deregulation and increased foreign direct investment have positively impacted India’s economy during the post-1990 time period. For example, the economy has expanded at an annual rate of 6. 3 percent from 1994 to 2004 and increased to 9 percent from 2005 to 2008. Proving that the Indian market is attractive, foreign investment increased from $150 million in 1991 to $36. 7 billion in 2008. 4. India is strengthening in the areas of technology and pharmaceutical products in part of their attractiveness to foreign investments and the fact that the government was now welcoming foreign investment. Foreign equity stakes in an Indian enterprise up to 51 percent are automatic; 100 percent ownership is allowable under certain circumstances. Industry goods are seeing a freedom of importation and the maximum tariffs have fallen to 35 percent as of 1997. India’s success in these industries will continue to prove the efficiency and growth potential of privatizing business. 5. I believe that India represents an attractive market for foreign multinationals selling consumer products. International firms have the opportunity to engage early in India’s economy. In turn, this will lead to building brand loyalty and gaining experience navigating the country’s business practices. Of course, the international firms must be aware of the risks surrounding unprotected property rights and other political and legal matters. With due diligence, investment into India’s economy could provide high dividends to foreign multinationals as the economy continues to grow. How to cite India’s Transformation, Essay examples

The Education Connection Essay Example For Students

The Education Connection Essay It is hard to find a time in my life where I can honesty look back and say that my parents had no influence. Whether it be advice, getting yelled at, or simply help on a math problem, in every situation there is lessons to be learned. My parents have had an insurmountable impact on who I am and the path I have gone down. For some however, like Richard Rodriguez, I cannot say the same. In Rodriguez’s The Achievement of Desire, he tells his story on how his parents and family got in the way path he wanted to pursue. We will write a custom essay on The Education Connection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He talks about how he came upon a point during his life where he had to make a decision on what was more important; family or education? For him, these were two mirror opposites. One setting was open-minded while the other was by the books. He chose education and with this decision, he consequently shunned his family from what he was doing and started blaming them. It is mind-blowing to think that the people who mad him who he was and gave him everything that they could were supposedly the reasoning behind the faults in his life. For me, family is everything and they have made the person I am, and have wanted to be. The concept of learning is very opaque. There are different ways to learn and different people to learn from. From Rodriguez’s s standpoint, his parent could not live up to the level of education that he desired. They were not smart enough for his standard as the nuns and teachers that taught him provided more for him. I have grown up my whole life with little help from my parents when it came to education. Seeing as the educational world is continuously changing, the ideas and concepts that my parents learned were outdated and not of any use to me, but that does not me that they of no use. I found that a causal mix of open mined learning along with strict learning is what best suited my abilities. I would have my parents quiz me or help read long during certain readings so could have another perspective on what an answer could be. They knew that they could not teach me what to do so they did whatever they could to help out. If Rodriguez had possibly done the same, he could have found that there was use for his parents instead of deliberately using them as a scapegoat. It is shameful that Rodriguez shunned away his parents because they were extremely proud of what he was accomplishing. The part that bothered him was that his parents were not as smart as him. There was one instance where Rodriguez had won an award and a nun had come up to his parents to congratulate them. â€Å"You both must be very proud of Richard,† the nun said. â€Å"We are proud of all our children, they sure didn’t get their brains from us† (Rodriguez 603). He was embarrassed when his parents said phrases like those as in his mind, it tarnished his reputation. It made him seem like he was less of a person and not as smart because of where he came from. Though it is not his fault that his parents are not as smart as him, that does not mean that they have not worked as hard as he did. He talks about how his mother went from job to job with her limited education and uses the excuse that if she had a better education, she could have done bigger and better things. .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .postImageUrl , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:visited , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:active { border:0!important; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:active , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex, prostitution, and the pen EssayWhat he does not realize is that there were many lessons learned along his mother’s journey that she learned. I cannot tell you what those lessons were, but many lessons are learned outside the classroom and Rodriguez does not give his parents enough credit for what they have done. I realize that my parents both took different paths to get to where they are in life today and every time I do something that is on the same level or exceeds what my parents have done, it gives me a feeling of gratification; knowing that I can live up to what they have done and I am not letting them down. It bothers me that Rodriguez did not like when people would say â€Å"Your parents must be proud†. Kids around the world with no parents and parents who do not care would die for someone to say that they and he takes it for granted because they cannot live up to what he believes. His parents gave him everything that he has and on a smaller note, he would not be here today if it were not for them. They did not abuse, or hurt him in any way, but they still were not good enough. He even says, â€Å"I intended to hurt my mother and father. I was still angry at them for having encouraged me toward classroom English. But gradually this anger was exhausted, replaced by guilt as school grew more and more attractive to me. † (Rodriguez 601). It seems as though he feels sorry for his parents for not being able to live the same life that he was. That they could not find education the way he did and that they were missing out on something better. The realization of this pushed him even farther away, causing his parents to eventually become distant too. They did not care as much about what he was doing because he did not care about what they were doing. He talks about how he was a â€Å"certain kind of scholarship boy† and the only way he could live up to this is by eventually becoming more and more alone and how it had to happen for him to fulfill his duty as this specific â€Å"scholarship boy†. Looking back at my journey and everything that I have been through, I do not believe I could have made it this far without my family. They were my motivators that kept me moving on to greater things that eventually ended in me winding up here at the University of Connecticut. Every family is different, I realize that, but at the same time, every family shares a unique bond that makes them special. With that bond, comes certain lessons that are hard to replicate. Rodriguez broke that bond by isolating himself away from his family and not getting to experience what it was like to be a part of a true family. He threw away his chance at learning those lessons. One of the lessons that I have learned is loyalty. It is one thing to be loyal to a friend, or even to a significant other, but nothing tests a person’s loyalty like family. There is no greater felling than knowing that you have a group of people behind you that care deeply about what you do and what say; knowing that in a heartbeat, they would drop what they were doing for you not because they had to, but because they wanted to. Although Rodriguez’s family will always be there for him and he will always be there for them, the concept behind that principle was lost when Rodriguez decided to go rogue and avoid his family. Another lesson that I learned through family was that there is no such thing as perfect. .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .postImageUrl , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:visited , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:active { border:0!important; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:active , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night Essay ThesisA family knows that each of the individuals in it has problems, or differences and accepts them for what they are. It is one thing to poke fun at someone for being different, like being a picky eater or whatever it may be, but at the end of the day, no matter what it is, the feelings are meaning behind the person are what matter. Rodriguez says that his brother would say things like â€Å"Hey, Four Eyes! † (Rodriguez 598) or his mom would make fun of him for reading books by saying, â€Å"What do you see in your books? † (Rodriguez 598) but that does not mean that he should of isolated them. He lost interest in what family was all about because school was too important to him and for that, he missed out on opportunities that he cannot even pay to get back. Family is everything to me and I would not give them up for anything. They have made me into the person I am today and I would not want it any other way. Contradictory, Rodriguez talks about how giving up family was the best option and it molded him into the man he was because it allowed him to focus on school and everything that it had to offer; he talks about how he wanted to be like teachers, as they had control, power, and a great knowledge. While all those are true, every teacher that he looked up to did not get there by doing what Rodriguez did so why did he have to go down this specific path to get there? Many if not all of them had families that they loved dearly. I am not going to judge Richard Rodriguez for the decision he made, but at the same time, I cannot help but feel like he was the one missing out on a part of life that is very special. I could not bear sitting across from the people that I supposedly love and sharing absolutely nothing in common. People always say friends come and go but family is forever. You could implement any word in for the word friend and the sentence would still make sense. In Rodriguez’s case, education will come and go as what he learned as a kid and growing up may be irrelevant in 30 years because the world is always changing. The constant is family. It is specific to each individual and is something you cannot take from someone else or give up. I have learned lessons and made memories with my family that I will remember for the rest of my life. I know no matter what, I will always have them and I hope one day Rodriguez will see that too.

Chaikovsky on Inspiration and Self-Expression essays

Chaikovsky on Inspiration and Self-Expression essays Chaikovsky viewed his art as a kind of autobiography or confession. He gave this belief a famous expression in the letter we have read, which concerns his fourth symphony. He is asked whether the symphony has a definite program. He replies that whenever he is asked this question he always no, but in fact he also says it is not that a simple question to be answered. The second paragraph of page 398, is the one that captures most of my attention in this letter. He talks about how a composer while is in that magical state of mind of inspiration gets disturb from different things, such as a call from someone, the clock will strike to remind you that you must go about your business, etc. The last part of this paragraph though is the most important to me. What is says is that only one thing is important when you are in the state of inspiration. That thing is that the main ideas should appear without being sought, but rather spontaneously, as a result of that supernatural force we call inspiration. He then describes all the movements of the symphony. But again, a small sentence such as the last one in this article strikes my attention. Where words fail, music speaks. I love this phrase because I believe all the meaning of instrumental music can be found in here. You go to hear an instrumental concert for several reasons. The most important one for m e is because I believe that listening to music with words is too real. When I go to a concert I want my mind to be free and be able to travel anywhere. How can you do that freely when the performer tells you where to travel with your mind? ...

Email Etiquette

Email Etiquette Email Etiquette Email Etiquette By Ali Hale If you work in an office, you probably write emails every day – to colleagues, to your boss, to clients. Even if you’re still at college, you’ll need to email your lecturers once in a while (maybe to plead for an essay extension, or to ask for help) – and many employers now expect resumes and cover letters to be sent by email. So, being able to write a professional, business-like email is a crucial skill. Daily Writing Tips has already covered the email subject line, but the body of your message also matters. 1. Start with a salutation Your email should open by addressing the person you’re writing to. Sure, you can get away with leaving out the salutation when you’re dashing off an email to your friend, but business-like messages should begin with: Dear Mr Jones, or Dear Professor Smith, (for someone you don’t know well, especially if they’re a superior) Dear Joe, or Dear Mandy, (if you have a working relationship with the person) It’s fine to use â€Å"Hi Joe†, â€Å"Hello Joe† or just the name followed by a comma (â€Å"Joe,†) if you know the person well – writing â€Å"Dear Joe† to one of your team-mates will look odd! 2. Write in short paragraphs Get straight to the point – don’t waste time waffling. Split your email into two to four short paragraphs, each one dealing with a single idea. Consider using bullet-points for extra clarity, perhaps if you are: Listing several questions for the recipient to answer Suggesting a number of alternative options Explaining the steps that you’ll be carrying out Put a double line break, rather than an indent (tab), between paragraphs. 3. Stick to one topic If you need to write to someone about several different issues (for example, if you’re giving your boss an update on Project X, asking him for a review meeting to discuss a payrise, and telling him that you’ve got a doctor’s appointment on Friday), then don’t put them all in the same email. It’s hard for people to keep track of different email threads and conversations if topics are jumbled up. 4. Use capitals appropriately Emails should follow the same rules of punctuation as other writing. Capitals are often misused. In particular, you should: Never write a whole sentence (or worse, a whole email) in capitals Always capitalise â€Å"I† and the first letter of proper nouns (names) Capitalise acronymns (USA, BBC, RSPCA) Always start sentences with a capital letter. This makes your email easier to read: try retyping one of the emails you’ve received in ALL CAPS or all lower case, and see how much harder it is to follow! 5. Sign off the email For short internal company emails, you can get away with just putting a double space after your last paragraph then typing your name. If you’re writing a more formal email, though, it’s essential to close it appropriately. Use Yours sincerely, (when you know the name of your addressee) and Yours faithfully, (when you’ve addressed it to â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam†) for very formal emails such as job applications. Use Best regards, or Kind regards, in most other situations. Even when writing to people you know well, it’s polite to sign off with something such as â€Å"All the best,† â€Å"Take care,† or â€Å"Have a nice day,† before typing your name. 6. Use a sensible email signature Hopefully this is common sense – but don’t cram your email signature with quotes from your favourite TV show, motivational speaker or witty friend. Do include your name, email address, telephone number and postal address (where appropriate) – obviously, your company may have some guidelines on these. It makes it easy for your correspondents to find your contact details: they don’t need to root through for the first message you sent them, but can just look in the footer of any of your emails. Putting it all together Compare the following two job applications. The content of the emails are identical – but who would you give the job to? i’ve attached my resume i would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. i have all the experience you are looking for – i’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years, i am competent with ms office and i enjoy working as part of a team. thanks for your time Or Dear Sir/Madam, I’ve attached my resume. I would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I have all the experience you are looking for: I’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years I am competent with MS office I enjoy working as part of a team Thanks for your time. Yours faithfully, Joe Bloggs Have you ever received a really badly written email? Or have you ever been told you need to brush up your own email writing? Share your email etiquette horror stories – and any of your tips – in the comments! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesThat vs. WhichDrama vs. Melodrama

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Marketing - Essay Example The various techniques used for the Nike shoe are then able to strategically position the shoes ahead of other competitors that are in the market to sell shoes. Background of Organization Nike was established in 1972 by business owner, Bill Bowerman. The idea began in 1964 with the desire to create an athletic shoe that could be used effectively for competitive sports. By 1971, Bowerman had established a shoe that would work and then created the Nike brand to develop the new mechanics and techniques for the shoe. Bowerman began by making a contract with the University of Oregon runner Phil Knight. The approach was to give running shoes that would help Knight to have ease o use while running without having some of the malfunctions that come with basic shoes that are used. The business quickly gained a strong reputation in footwear with a current stance of 160 countries which sell the footwear and the employment of over 1 million people. The approach is to use a set of diversity inclus ion within the organization while creating a strong reputation among those interested in the footwear (Nike, 2011). The success of Nike, with a revenue of $91.2 billion in 2010, is one which is based on a portfolio of products. There are now several affiliate businesses that work with Nike for the brand reputation. These include Cole Haan, Converse, Hurley International, Nike Golf and Umbro. The brand identity that is established all carries the overall features of the Nike logo. This is then divided into specific shoes used for sports, such as running shoes, basketball shoes and other specialized makes and models. There are also divisions for women, men and children to further the brand identity. Nike has incorporated sportswear as well as personal trainers with electronics to assist those that are looking for a different approach to their athletic regimen, creating a different set of brands within the Nike organization (Nike, 2011). Marketing Techniques and Strategies The marketin g techniques that are used by Nike involve several dimensions of finding what the best methods are to reach consumers. The first way in which this is done is by segmentation. The theory of segmentation is defined as creating a presence by noting different target markets which would be interested in a product. Meeting this need by establishing demographic relationships can then provide a stronger movement toward sales among those that are interested in the products (Alderson, Cox, 2006 pg. 137). The segmentation of the products isn’t done by developing the product first, then creating a market that will need the item. Instead, there is an established presence created by need first. Each of the shoes that are presented by Nike is segmented first, than established with the mechanics of the shoe to create a need within the segment. Basketball, soccer, football, running shoes and segments among women and men are some of the several ways that Nike has approached building its brand. This is done within the internal environment first, than leads to establishing a presence among those in need with the item. The concept of segmentation becomes essential by noting that there is a need among different groups of individuals, which Nike can then meet by building a reputation from the science used behind the makes and models of each of the shoes. The target

Knolege creatain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Knolege creatain - Essay Example niversities are responsible for this in efficient growth of clusters and business industries are putting in no effort to make use of them for growth and innovation. Each sector has to play a certain role with constant coordination to overcome crises. Grant (1996) suggests that knowledge infuses increased performance opportunities for firms able to understand, and utilize relevant knowledge efficiently. The role of a business industry is to sponsor extensive funds for research work to universities who are struggling hard to raise funds beside their limited funds from government to bring in exceptional innovations, technology and knowledge. Mode 2 is interconnected and not possible without a thorough work of mode 1, therefore business industry should collaborate with universities to carry on research and expand the area of innovative knowledge with practical experiments over it and simultaneously, business industry should give internships, job training and design an individual area to comprehend mode 1 studies into mode 2 work which can examine the loopholes in academic knowledge and its implementation in practical experiences which is not possib le in isolated environment of universities. This changing wave of knowledge economy has a great impact and acts as a driving force towards new opportunities for industries and will smooth the dynamics between universities and industries in the long run. Students independently cannot achieve a complete combination of theoretical and practical work if exposure is not provided but can help demonstrate through their university projects, though not sufficient to unfold their growing minds but can contribute. It is beneficial for students to use their academia through internships or part time jobs in the relevant industry in summers or annual vacations. Universities are the pathways for students but students themselves should take initiative to promote practical enforcement of their academic theories however on large scale,

The Castration of Eloisa in Popes Eloisa to Abelard :: Pope Eloisa to Abelard Essays

The Castration of Eloisa in Pope's Eloisa to Abelard If Pope's intent in writing an Ovidian heroic epistle is to show the entire range of his protagonist's emotions from meekness to violent passion, then he was wise to choose the twelfth-century story of Eloisa and Abelard as his subject. Eloisa and her teacher Abelard retired to different monasteries after her family discovered they were lovers and brutally castrated him. Years later, Eloisa by chance intercepted a letter from Abelard to a friend chronicling their love affair. The letter reawakened Eloisa's long repressed passion for Abelard, and she struggles to reconcile her sexual passion with her religious vows. As she has taken a vow of silence, the only mode of expression left to Eloisa is her emotion, which she often expresses by weeping. She tells Abelard in her mind: Tears still are mine, and those I need not spare, Love but demands what else were shed in pray'r; No happier task these faded eyes pursue, To read and weep is all they now can do. (lines 45-48) Eloisa thus lives in her mind, communicating mentally with God and now her former lover Abelard alternately. Pope's poem is his idea of what Eloisa would write to Abelard in a letter, albeit a letter whose writing would have spanned several years until her death. In his seminal 1969 article "The Escape from Body or the Embrace of Body," Murray Krieger states that "the poem represents at once a finished letter and a letter that, apparently finished, is actually in the stormy process of being written" (34). The richness of Pope's language juxtaposed with the rigidity of his couplet form have suggested to critics both the depth of Eloisa's emotion and the restraints placed on her by the Church and her vows. This juxtaposition has troubled some critics (including Krieger) as a mismatch. These critics argue that a writer in Eloisa's emotional state would produce writing that is much less polished and constrained than Pope's perfect couplets. In fact, that Pope records Eloisa's emotional l anguage in the confining couplet verse structure is precisely what Krieger calls the poem's failure. I propose that Pope intended Eloisa's emotional outbursts to strain against his own exacting poetic form. I believe Pope constricts Eloisa's florid language within the couplet in order to emphasize the severity of the imprisonment she suffers in the monastery. Further, I would argue that Eloisa's imprisonment in a monastery, combined with the vow of silence and marriage to the Church required of her as part of her religious confinement, is a symbolic act of

Gandhi’s Impact on the Liberation of Indian Women

India has the world's largest number of professionally qualified women. It has more female doctors, surgeons, scientists and professors than the United Statesi. This is a remarkable accomplishment for Indian women. Despite all of this, for thousands of years Indian women have been treated unfairly and unequally. It has taken years for women to gain respect in society; it did not come over night. Not one single event has emancipated women, instead it has been a series of events which has led Indian women to their liberation. Many riots, protests and powerful leadership have taken place in order to overcome this rigorous struggle. Due to the leadership of one man India changed from being controlled by the British Commonwealth to becoming and Independent Nation. This leader was Mahatma Gandhi. In is efforts to develop an independent country he also paved the path for Indian women to rise and speak against the social norms, which excluded them in society. During the time of Gandhi's leadership he observed many instances in which women were suffering. For instance, the average life span of an Indian was 27 years as both babies and pregnant women ran a high risk of dying young. Child marriages were very common, widows were in high numbers, and only 2% of the women had any education. In addition, specifically in North India the women practiced the purda (veil) system, in which they had to keep their faces covered if they were to go outside. Gandhi recognized and attempted to change the terrible suffering of Indian women and therefore, he initiated women to step out of their homes and participate in the protests by his use of Satyagraha philosophy, which resulted in several women leading their own movements. The harmful treatment toward Indian women was profoundly due to societal and religious sacraments. Many societal and religious customs subordinated women and made them inferior to man. A hundred years ago it was common for child marriages to occur, and for it to be completely legal. Child marriages were considered important in Indian society especially in the Hindu religion, since it was crucial to be married to someone of the same caste and therefore should be arranged at a young age. However, this invariably led to a high number of child widows since the men the young girls were marrying were much older. Gandhi stated â€Å"not only consider it uncivilised but a crime against God to call the union of children a married state because it undermines morals and induces physical degeneration†ii. He recognized that child marriages were immoral and also contributed to the high number of child widows. Gandhi believed that if young girls were not married at such young ages then the number of child widows would decrease. Although, Gandhi was married at a young age of 13 he â€Å"vehemently† condemned child marriages and argued that ancient Hindu scriptural texts laying down â€Å"barbaric† and â€Å"degrading† rules regarding women should be revisediii. Gandhi proposed the idea that child marriages should not occur and that there should be a minimum age at which a girl can be married. This proposal by Gandhi initiated women to take action on this issue. At the first session of the Women's Conference they adopted a resolution urging the government to make marriages under 16 a penal offence. Although, this did take time to enforce eventually in 1929 the Sarda Act took place fixing the age limit to 15 iv. This was the first legislative enactment the women had won, and a substantial part of this was due to Gandhi's realization that women were equals. Gandhi strongly believed that women and men were of equal sex and women should not be treated any differently. Gandhi stated, â€Å"Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities. She has the right to participate in very minutest detail in the activities of man and she has an equal right of freedom and liberty with him†v. Gandhi had a strong sense of respect for women in society and believed they needed to be treated equally. Another societal and religious pressure that was considered essential for Indian women to practice was the purdah (veil) system. Purdah was more of a tradition to areas of Islamic rule. Women were to keep all parts of their body covered in public, except their eyes. Gandhi witnessed the effects purdah had on women, and believed that chasity came from within and that it could not be protected by the purdah. Gandhi stated, â€Å"It must grow from within, and to be worth anything it must be capable of withstanding every unsought temptation†vi. The purdah system restricted women to the household and even such tasks as shopping were the responsibility of the men. Gandhi encouraged a campaign to be sought out which would educate both the men and women, â€Å"If the campaign is well organized, and continued with zeal, the purdah should become a thing of the past†vii. Although the purdah system has not been entirely eliminated it has significantly decreased among women in South Asia today. However, Gandhi found that even those who were educated did not have the courage to reject the purdah customviii. The suggestion by Gandhi to educate young women was made early in the nineteenth century to eliminate practices that subordinated women. The education of women was poor at the time of Gandhi, and this was because of their low status in society. As the Nationlist movement developed a high magnitude base in the 1930's attention began to be directed toward the education of the crowd. In 1973, Gandhi organized a conference which came to be known as the Wardha scheme, a system of basic education for India. Girls basic education was to concentrate on domestic courses. However, Gandhi emphasized that men's and women's education should differ. This idea is one that does not necessarily contribute to equality. Gandhi states, † We shall accept equality of rights for women, but I think their education should differ from men's as their nature and function do†ix. Gandhi did want women to achieve equality, however; he still believed that women had a different role. The fact that there are different roles due to gender does not necessarily support women's liberation. This contradiction in Gandhi's work is due to his belief that, â€Å"It is women's right to rule the house. Man is master outside of it† x. Gandhi certainly believed that the education for women was extremely important, however; he did not believe that the methods for education should be identical in both cases xi. Once women became educated according to Gandhi they would no longer put up with â€Å"glaring inequalities to which they are subjected† xii. Gandhi emphasized the importance of education and after independence came a constitutional guarantee to establish free and compulsory education for all children xiii. Gandhi's insightful observations on Indian women have initiated substantial changes to their lifestyle and status in society due to his encouragement of education. To get women out of their homes and participate in the freedom for Independence Gandhi introduced his philosophy of Satyagraha. Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha is one that appealed to women and contributed to their emancipation. In South Africa Gandhi developed the technique of Satyagraha or â€Å"soul force† which proved effective in resisting political control that the British demonstrated. Truth (Satya) implies love, and firmness (Agraha) engenders and therefore serve's as a synonym for force. Gandhi adopted what he learned in South Africa and demonstrated his political genius for the Independence struggle of India. Under his guidance a mass movement was created and eventually through his patience and his use of Satyagraha, Independence was declared in 1949. Gandhi seemed to direct an appeal specifically to women, telling them he had great faith in their capacity to sacrifice and endure suffering. This was a concept that women could easily comprehend since they have socialized to endure and sacrifice. Mahatma Gandhi speaks of this and explains why women are more able to self-sacrifice, â€Å"Woman is the incarnation of Ahimsa. Ahimsa means infinite love which again means infinite capacity in the largest measure. She shows it as she carries the infant and feeds it during nine months and derives joy in the suffering involved. What can beat the sufferings caused by the pangs of labour? But she forgets them in the joy of creation. Who, again, suffers daily so that her babe may wax from today? Let her transfer that love the whole humanity, let her forget she ever was or can be object of man's lust. And she will occupy her proud position by the side of man as his mother, maker and silent leader. It is given to her to teach the art of peace to the warring world, thirsting for that nectar. She can become the leader of Satyagraha which does not require the learning that books give but does require the stout heart that comes from suffering and faith† xiv. As one can see it was Gandhi's belief in women's strength that initiated them to promote Satyagraha and become a part of the movement. Millions of women both educated and illiterate, housewives, widows, students and the elderly participated in India's freedom movement because of Gandhi's influence. Gandhi set a unique example amongst Indian leaders by including women among the â€Å"masses† in a more natural way. Women participated in mass movements led by him in a natural course xv. The women of India used their new tool of passive resistance to fight for freedom and independence. During the march to Dandi in 1930, to break the salt law, women from all levels and walks of life came out into the â€Å"battle arena†. As the men were put behind bars, the women stepped out providing mature considered leadership, inititative, and resourcefulness, beyond all expectations xvi. At this time women were risking their lives in order to gain freedom. Women were held in jail, some of them pregnant and thus many died because of the lack of food. They did this all in the hope that one day India would be a free country, with little conception that these actions would help to free the women of India. Gandhi put women on a higher spiritual pedestal and expected them to be a real ‘divine power'. â€Å"Not only did he believe that women was man's equal, rather, he took her to be superior in her capacity to suffer and sacrifice† xvii. Gandhi's belief that women were more superior because they could endure greater amounts of suffering encouraged women to step forward and participate in such movements. There is not doubt that the most awakening event for Indian women was the battle for India's political freedom by the use of the non-violent action that Gandhi encouraged. During Gandhi's political movements he attempted to boycott all British made goods and instead assert the need for Indians to make their own goods. Mahatma Gandhi was indeed a pragmatic thinker and he realized that women were the fifty percent of human resources and it was essential to use them in the struggle for independence. â€Å"The chastity of women can be protected with the help of the spinning wheel. There is another occupation in which millions of women can engage themselves remaining at home. India must learn to be self-reliant†xviii. He believed that women were overwhelmingly concerned with the need for foreign cloth, and instead believed that women should start spinning the wheel in order to make their own cloth. This was an idea that started off to be for the benefit of reaching independence, however; it also benefited the emancipation of women in India. Women were now self-sufficient and began to feel much more confidant and independent because they did not have to rely on others. Gandhi has made considerable impacts on women and has motivated them to step forward and lead movements of their own. For instance the All India Women's Conference (AIWC) founded in 1927 tried to mobilize Indian women and build a national organization concerning social service activities xix. The AIWC gave women's organization a national leadership and achieved limited success in influencing government policy with regard to women's suffrage, education and healthxx. The Nationalist leader Sarojini Naidu was one of the first women to take the â€Å"pledge†. She held demonstrations in various cites and made special appeals to women of the land xxi. Under Gandhi's leadership thousands of women took leading roles in several movements. Gandhi never considered women to be unfit for any position or task. From the considerable support of Gandhi, women's groups were formed all over India and hardly a week passed where Gandhi did not address a women's group. Mary Fainsoid said in her article that leftist commentators argued that women's groups associated with parties have the potential of being more effective because of their connections with mass organizations xxii. Gandhi was a member of the Indian National Congress. He approved the declaration in 1931 that the Constitute would have to agree to for a free India. The particular clauses relating to women were those dealing with equal rights and obligations of citizens without any bar on account for sex, the protection of women workers and special adequate provisions of leave during maternity periodxxiii. The commitment that was made in 1931 was embodied in the Constitution of free India and was later adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly of 1949 xxiv. It is safe to say that the women's contributions along with Gandhi's leadership in the Independence struggle were in a sense rewarded by legal equality. Women in Indian society have achieved great prominence. This has been achieved not only by one single event but instead by a string of events. Gandhi is an individual who started the emancipation of women due to his protests for an Independent India. He not only introduced women to Satyagraha but he was also a ceaseless crusader for women's equality. He brought the women of their homes and made them equal participants in the walks of life-social as well as political. The work of Gandhi has affected millions of people but the effect it has on women has changed their status forever. It is due to Gandhi's initiative and guidance that India now has more working women than any other country. This includes female workers at all levels of skill – from the surgeon and the airline pilot to bus conductors and menial labourers xxv. Although, there are still many social barriers facing Indian women today, hopefully people will look upon Gandhi's guidance and be motivated to abolish and prejudice that still occurs today.

Gandhis acts of civil disobedience Essay - 2654 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi In 1757, Great Britain extended its empire into India. This occupation would not fully end until 1947. In the time between, there were many movements by the Indian people to gain independence from the British. The movement that finally succeeded in winning India’s independence was led by one of the most influential figures of the 20th century, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi’s methods for fighting against the occupation of the British were very different from those of any of the freedom movements before. And that was why it worked. Gandhi did not agree with the general reasoning of the time: that conflicts could be solved through negotiation and forceful resistance.1 Rather, his faith led him to go†¦show more content†¦Instead of trying to fight against his opposers, he combined his effort with theirs. This worked very well in gaining the support of his opposers.6 This experiment would influence his later thoughts. At this time, Gandhi began to seek employment as a lawyer in India. But his London education gave him little knowledge of Hindu and Indian law, making work very hard to find in India. He considered going to an Indian university, but at the time it was not economically feasible. Eventually he was able to find an opportunity to practice law that would bring him to Natal, South Africa in 1893.7 In South Africa Gandhi was exposed to a level of racism that he had never experienced before. He was not allowed to wear his turban in a courtroom and he was not allowed to ride in the same cars as Europeans on the trains. While traveling to by train to Pretoria, he was asked to leave his seat for the van compartment. He refused and was kicked off the train.8 To get to his destination, he found a stagecoach going to Pretoria. He was not allowed to sit in the coach-box with the white passengers, but was forced to sit with the coachman. Later, he was asked to give up his seat to sit on the floorboard. Gandhi would not agree to this injustice. And, although he received a beating for it, he remained in his seat.9 These incidents led Gandhi to decide to fight for the rights of Indian workers in South Africa. In the meantime, GandhiShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi And Civil Disobedience1015 Words   |  5 PagesGandhi and Civil Disobedience Mahatma Gandhi once said, â€Å"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony† (Mahatma Quotes). Happiness to Gandhi was standing up for what he and others believed in. Gandhi’s personal life caused him to choose to participate in civil disobedience to protest Salt Acts law by the British, and he did achieve success eventually by using this controversial method of standing up for what he strongly believed to be right. 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