Delivery Of The Cas Components - 1306 Words

Delivery of CRISPR-Cas Components: CRISPR systems are generally delivered in the cell using normal methods of transfection such as microinjection, gene gun, electroporation, sonoporation, and using viruses such as adenoviruses and lentiviruses. In cultured mammalian cells, researchers have used electroporation, nucleofection, and Lipofectamine mediated transfection methods to deliver vectors expressing the gene for gRNAs and Cas9 endonuclease. In cultured human and mouse cells, Lentiviral vectors have also been used as a mode of delivery of genes. In addition to animal models and cell lines, Cas9 has been used successfully in a lot of plant species including wheat, rice, sorghum, tobacco, and thalecress using a range of standard delivery methods such as PEG-mediated transformation of protoplasts, Agrobacterium-mediated transfer in embryos and leaf tissue, and/or bombardment of callus cells with plasmid DNA. [1] As a novel method of gene delivery, scientists at North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have made use of a nanoscale vehicle made of DNA to deliver CRISPR Cas9 complex into both cell cultures as well as animal models. This method relies on directly delivering the Cas9 protein in the cell instead of transfecting DNA into the cell. This method of delivery has been commonly stated as the Nanoclew mechanism of delivery. This method is highly compatible since the delivery system is made of DNA. The DNA is engineered to partiallyShow MoreRelatedExploring Data Sources And Gathering Appropriate Information783 Words   |  4 Pagesthe completion year, the project size (gross area), budgets and actual costs, building types, delivery methods, green features, number of RFIs, change orders, number of project participants, and other components. For instance, 30 case studies with full-implemented LIB are represented in Table 2. Table 2: 30 Case Studies Utilized LIB. No. Project General Contractor 1 Sutter Medical Center, Castro Valley, CA DPR Construction 2 UHS Texoma Medical Center, Denison, Texas DPR Construction/ Turner ConstructionRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Asian American Immigrant Children Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesSince culture may influence an immigrant child throughout his or her entire life, reducing acculturative stress is important for them to live in the new home country. Understanding the role of acculturation in the lives of immigrants is an essential component to understanding the overall mental health of Asian American immigrant children. However, having mental health problem and its treatment are highly stigmatized among Asians, so it causes Asian Americans cannot have appropriate intervention on timeRead MoreStrong Collaborative Relationships Across Healthcare Disciplines1079 Words   |  5 PagesB. K. 2014). Often times, however, practitioner groups are reluctant to work closely with others from different professions for a variety of reasons, but mainly because they are not familiar with others scopes of practice and/or methods of care delivery (Vedam et al, 2014). Not all practitioners are ready to trust each other in a team setting and knowing who is and who is not to trust, may have an impact on successful collaboration for individuals over time. Additionally, interprofessional communicationRead MoreLiberty Shoe Manufacturer From India1745 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor players in the shoe industry. Preferred Supplier Good Leather Company is the preferred supplier for Liberty shoe manufacturer for the following reasons, †¢ Experienced supplier in the market †¢ Quality of the raw materials meet the standards †¢ Delivery time is less compared to other suppliers in market †¢ Meet the needs in case of emergency †¢ Take liabilities for damaged or delayed goods †¢ Have a good reputation in the market due to good contact with their client †¢ Freights are taken care of theRead MoreAmazon Case Study 21209 Words   |  5 Pageschange if you were working for a larger company and had to make a recommendation to CTO? Hewlett-Packard provides cloud utility computing with its advertised Hybrid delivery cloud enabling commercial enterprises and service providers to improve overall service to the business and customers. Browsing through the site (http://www8.hp.com/ca/en/solutions/solutions-detail.html?compURI=tcm:223-300983amp;contentView=business), HP targets large companies but has a cloud solution for every sized businessRead MoreThe Range of Client Problems and the Helping Skills Used with Clients1622 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between the individual and the type of services they are receiving. â€Å"Client† is a general term referred to an individual who obtains assistance from a helping professional. The label â€Å"consumer† stresses the business aspect of service delivery and â€Å"customer† signifies the exchange of money for services. A client can take several forms. Sometimes they are individuals, while other times they can also represent a small group of peo ple or even a large population. For arguments sake, the termRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing: New System Proposal Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly related to the training required with each new system at all of the company’s facilities. Developing a distance learning system that will allow Riordan to provide effective training through teleconferencing from their headquarters in San Jose CA to facilities all over the world will reduce expenses by millions of dollars over the long term. The Need for Training and Communication The cornerstone of a competitive organization is its highly trained workforce. In today’s market, product life-cyclesRead MoreNetwork And Professional Partnerships For The Community, Home, And Classroom866 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipate in 30-Day Reviews, Semi-annual, and IPP meetings. Attend and participate in in-service trainings. Mandatory attendance at required meetings, e.g., all staff, team, performance evaluations. TestAmerica Laboratories Inc Pleasanton, Ca. - October 2010-December 2012 Direct Customer support in Rush TAT environment. General Office- answer phones, direct calls to appropriate project manager. Built and maintained successful relationships with service providers, dealers, and consumers.Read MoreThe Issues, Conflicts, And The Network1613 Words   |  7 Pageswould be? Fixed costs are generally a concern with warehousing. Many companies are streamlining their manufacturing and distribution network by consolidating and centralizing their logistics operations. (Ou, 2002) Warehouse consolidation is a key component of the logistics strategy. When the products are high in value and when transportation costs are insignificant compared to inventory and ordering cost, consolidation can be pursued with great enthusiasm. Also, outsourcing warehouse functions hasRead MoreImproving The Complex Network : Cisco1693 Words   |  7 PagesThese issues have large implications for their supply chain should something go wrong. Reduced Visibility The first example of a potential issue involves reduced visibility throughout the supply chain. Visibility is crucial at Cisco and a key component of visibility is in information. This information must be accurate and relevant at all times and must support the functions of the supply chain. Without meeting these standards, Cisco will not be able to meet demand and the needs of their customers

India’s Transformation Free Essays

Summary India adopted a democratic system of government and a mixed economy after gaining independence in 1947. However, a large part of their economy was still comprised of state-owned entities. Because of this, the private sector was stifled and any growth came only with hard-won government permission. We will write a custom essay sample on India’s Transformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was especially true in the auto, chemical, and steel industries. Compounding the issue of strict government control was the fact that various laws made it difficult for businesses in the private sector to flourish. If a business grew to over 100 employees, then it was very difficult to fire a worker. In turn, business owners kept the size of their firm under the threshold. Unfortunately, those businesses did not grow to their full potential and could not reach the size necessary to be competitive in the international market. At this time, due to the rules and regulations, India was not taking advantage of foreign direct investments. Thankfully, the lack of progress and growth led the government to reform the economic system. In 1991, many industries once closed to the private sector, including electricity generation, oil industry, steel production, air transport and telecommunications, were opened. Foreign investments were given automatic approval up to a 51 percent stake in an Indian enterprise and, in some cases, 100 percent investment was granted. Tariffs on imports were dramatically reduced as were income tax rates and corporate tax rates. Each of these measures led to an increased rate of economic progress and tremendous growth within India’s private sector. India’s economy is still in a transition phase. While they have seen growth in private sector enterprise and increased foreign investment, they still have to navigate political barriers and help mitigate risks. Some import tariffs are still in place because the government fears a flood of inexpensive Chinese products. In addition, even though the private sector has proven more efficient than state-owned enterprises, there are still barriers to privatization. For instance, the Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without the consent of parliament. India also continues to work towards a market economy to keep the country attractive to potential investors. There are many benefits to investing early in India: the country has a large market population with the potential for continued high growth that can offer first-mover advantages. However, investors do need to take the risks into consideration: adhering to the local laws could be an unwanted cost as well as working within a legal system that may not provide the necessary protection for contract and property rights violations. As India continues to move toward a free market economy, they will continue to see growth in their private sector enterprises and foreign investment. The government will need to support this growth and continue to reform regulations so businesses can grow and become competitive on a greater scale. This will also make the country more attractive to foreign direct investment where investors can take advantage of India’s growing economy. Questions 1. From 1947 to 1990, India operated under a mixed economy system. This economic system is a blend of private ownership and free market enterprise with state ownership and government planning. During this time, the mixed economy in India was dominated by state-owned enterprises, centralized planning and subsidies. This prevented the private sector in India from growing, especially in the auto, chemical and steel production industries which were specifically state-owned enterprises. Today, India is moving toward a market economy where productive activities are primarily privately owned. However, state-owned firms still account for 38 percent of national output in the nonfarm sector. There are several impediments to completing a full transformation to a market economy in India. For example, a reduction in import tariffs has stalled due to political pressure. Politicians fear a flood of inexpensive products from China if the barriers are taken away. Also, it is still very difficult for privatization within the oil industry. The Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without explicit approval from parliament. In addition, there is a disincentive for business owners to grow their firms more than 100 employees. Labor laws make it almost impossible for firms to fire an employee if the business is greater than 100 employees. This does not allow the firm to attain the scale necessary to compete internationally. 2. The economic system constrained the growth of the private sector. Private companies needed permission from the government to expand. It could take years to receive permission and several heavy industry products were reserved for state-owned enterprises. Even though private firms are 30 – 40 percent more efficient than state-owned firms, the extensive government regulations prevent the growth of private businesses and creation of new businesses. These factors negatively affected the rate of economic growth in India. While other Southeast Asian nations were enjoying economic growth and progress, India was still struggling with a small economy despite having a population of 950 million. The GDP was $310 and only 2. 3 percent of the population had a household income greater than $2,484. At the time, the World Bank estimated that 40 percent of the world’s desperately poor lived in India. Compounding these issues was the fact that less than half the population could read and very few had access to clean sanitation. Without basic necessities, a population will find it difficult to survive much less grow and flourish. 3. Privatization, deregulation and increased foreign direct investment have positively impacted India’s economy during the post-1990 time period. For example, the economy has expanded at an annual rate of 6. 3 percent from 1994 to 2004 and increased to 9 percent from 2005 to 2008. Proving that the Indian market is attractive, foreign investment increased from $150 million in 1991 to $36. 7 billion in 2008. 4. India is strengthening in the areas of technology and pharmaceutical products in part of their attractiveness to foreign investments and the fact that the government was now welcoming foreign investment. Foreign equity stakes in an Indian enterprise up to 51 percent are automatic; 100 percent ownership is allowable under certain circumstances. Industry goods are seeing a freedom of importation and the maximum tariffs have fallen to 35 percent as of 1997. India’s success in these industries will continue to prove the efficiency and growth potential of privatizing business. 5. I believe that India represents an attractive market for foreign multinationals selling consumer products. International firms have the opportunity to engage early in India’s economy. In turn, this will lead to building brand loyalty and gaining experience navigating the country’s business practices. Of course, the international firms must be aware of the risks surrounding unprotected property rights and other political and legal matters. With due diligence, investment into India’s economy could provide high dividends to foreign multinationals as the economy continues to grow. How to cite India’s Transformation, Essay examples

The Education Connection Essay Example For Students

The Education Connection Essay It is hard to find a time in my life where I can honesty look back and say that my parents had no influence. Whether it be advice, getting yelled at, or simply help on a math problem, in every situation there is lessons to be learned. My parents have had an insurmountable impact on who I am and the path I have gone down. For some however, like Richard Rodriguez, I cannot say the same. In Rodriguez’s The Achievement of Desire, he tells his story on how his parents and family got in the way path he wanted to pursue. We will write a custom essay on The Education Connection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He talks about how he came upon a point during his life where he had to make a decision on what was more important; family or education? For him, these were two mirror opposites. One setting was open-minded while the other was by the books. He chose education and with this decision, he consequently shunned his family from what he was doing and started blaming them. It is mind-blowing to think that the people who mad him who he was and gave him everything that they could were supposedly the reasoning behind the faults in his life. For me, family is everything and they have made the person I am, and have wanted to be. The concept of learning is very opaque. There are different ways to learn and different people to learn from. From Rodriguez’s s standpoint, his parent could not live up to the level of education that he desired. They were not smart enough for his standard as the nuns and teachers that taught him provided more for him. I have grown up my whole life with little help from my parents when it came to education. Seeing as the educational world is continuously changing, the ideas and concepts that my parents learned were outdated and not of any use to me, but that does not me that they of no use. I found that a causal mix of open mined learning along with strict learning is what best suited my abilities. I would have my parents quiz me or help read long during certain readings so could have another perspective on what an answer could be. They knew that they could not teach me what to do so they did whatever they could to help out. If Rodriguez had possibly done the same, he could have found that there was use for his parents instead of deliberately using them as a scapegoat. It is shameful that Rodriguez shunned away his parents because they were extremely proud of what he was accomplishing. The part that bothered him was that his parents were not as smart as him. There was one instance where Rodriguez had won an award and a nun had come up to his parents to congratulate them. â€Å"You both must be very proud of Richard,† the nun said. â€Å"We are proud of all our children, they sure didn’t get their brains from us† (Rodriguez 603). He was embarrassed when his parents said phrases like those as in his mind, it tarnished his reputation. It made him seem like he was less of a person and not as smart because of where he came from. Though it is not his fault that his parents are not as smart as him, that does not mean that they have not worked as hard as he did. He talks about how his mother went from job to job with her limited education and uses the excuse that if she had a better education, she could have done bigger and better things. .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .postImageUrl , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:visited , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:active { border:0!important; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:active , .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c495415c7d633c6738fdf2bc57baeec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex, prostitution, and the pen EssayWhat he does not realize is that there were many lessons learned along his mother’s journey that she learned. I cannot tell you what those lessons were, but many lessons are learned outside the classroom and Rodriguez does not give his parents enough credit for what they have done. I realize that my parents both took different paths to get to where they are in life today and every time I do something that is on the same level or exceeds what my parents have done, it gives me a feeling of gratification; knowing that I can live up to what they have done and I am not letting them down. It bothers me that Rodriguez did not like when people would say â€Å"Your parents must be proud†. Kids around the world with no parents and parents who do not care would die for someone to say that they and he takes it for granted because they cannot live up to what he believes. His parents gave him everything that he has and on a smaller note, he would not be here today if it were not for them. They did not abuse, or hurt him in any way, but they still were not good enough. He even says, â€Å"I intended to hurt my mother and father. I was still angry at them for having encouraged me toward classroom English. But gradually this anger was exhausted, replaced by guilt as school grew more and more attractive to me. † (Rodriguez 601). It seems as though he feels sorry for his parents for not being able to live the same life that he was. That they could not find education the way he did and that they were missing out on something better. The realization of this pushed him even farther away, causing his parents to eventually become distant too. They did not care as much about what he was doing because he did not care about what they were doing. He talks about how he was a â€Å"certain kind of scholarship boy† and the only way he could live up to this is by eventually becoming more and more alone and how it had to happen for him to fulfill his duty as this specific â€Å"scholarship boy†. Looking back at my journey and everything that I have been through, I do not believe I could have made it this far without my family. They were my motivators that kept me moving on to greater things that eventually ended in me winding up here at the University of Connecticut. Every family is different, I realize that, but at the same time, every family shares a unique bond that makes them special. With that bond, comes certain lessons that are hard to replicate. Rodriguez broke that bond by isolating himself away from his family and not getting to experience what it was like to be a part of a true family. He threw away his chance at learning those lessons. One of the lessons that I have learned is loyalty. It is one thing to be loyal to a friend, or even to a significant other, but nothing tests a person’s loyalty like family. There is no greater felling than knowing that you have a group of people behind you that care deeply about what you do and what say; knowing that in a heartbeat, they would drop what they were doing for you not because they had to, but because they wanted to. Although Rodriguez’s family will always be there for him and he will always be there for them, the concept behind that principle was lost when Rodriguez decided to go rogue and avoid his family. Another lesson that I learned through family was that there is no such thing as perfect. .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .postImageUrl , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:visited , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:active { border:0!important; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:active , .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9 .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue14ec6ef8e32ec6c377bfd5578b730a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night Essay ThesisA family knows that each of the individuals in it has problems, or differences and accepts them for what they are. It is one thing to poke fun at someone for being different, like being a picky eater or whatever it may be, but at the end of the day, no matter what it is, the feelings are meaning behind the person are what matter. Rodriguez says that his brother would say things like â€Å"Hey, Four Eyes! † (Rodriguez 598) or his mom would make fun of him for reading books by saying, â€Å"What do you see in your books? † (Rodriguez 598) but that does not mean that he should of isolated them. He lost interest in what family was all about because school was too important to him and for that, he missed out on opportunities that he cannot even pay to get back. Family is everything to me and I would not give them up for anything. They have made me into the person I am today and I would not want it any other way. Contradictory, Rodriguez talks about how giving up family was the best option and it molded him into the man he was because it allowed him to focus on school and everything that it had to offer; he talks about how he wanted to be like teachers, as they had control, power, and a great knowledge. While all those are true, every teacher that he looked up to did not get there by doing what Rodriguez did so why did he have to go down this specific path to get there? Many if not all of them had families that they loved dearly. I am not going to judge Richard Rodriguez for the decision he made, but at the same time, I cannot help but feel like he was the one missing out on a part of life that is very special. I could not bear sitting across from the people that I supposedly love and sharing absolutely nothing in common. People always say friends come and go but family is forever. You could implement any word in for the word friend and the sentence would still make sense. In Rodriguez’s case, education will come and go as what he learned as a kid and growing up may be irrelevant in 30 years because the world is always changing. The constant is family. It is specific to each individual and is something you cannot take from someone else or give up. I have learned lessons and made memories with my family that I will remember for the rest of my life. I know no matter what, I will always have them and I hope one day Rodriguez will see that too.

Chaikovsky on Inspiration and Self-Expression essays

Chaikovsky on Inspiration and Self-Expression essays Chaikovsky viewed his art as a kind of autobiography or confession. He gave this belief a famous expression in the letter we have read, which concerns his fourth symphony. He is asked whether the symphony has a definite program. He replies that whenever he is asked this question he always no, but in fact he also says it is not that a simple question to be answered. The second paragraph of page 398, is the one that captures most of my attention in this letter. He talks about how a composer while is in that magical state of mind of inspiration gets disturb from different things, such as a call from someone, the clock will strike to remind you that you must go about your business, etc. The last part of this paragraph though is the most important to me. What is says is that only one thing is important when you are in the state of inspiration. That thing is that the main ideas should appear without being sought, but rather spontaneously, as a result of that supernatural force we call inspiration. He then describes all the movements of the symphony. But again, a small sentence such as the last one in this article strikes my attention. Where words fail, music speaks. I love this phrase because I believe all the meaning of instrumental music can be found in here. You go to hear an instrumental concert for several reasons. The most important one for m e is because I believe that listening to music with words is too real. When I go to a concert I want my mind to be free and be able to travel anywhere. How can you do that freely when the performer tells you where to travel with your mind? ...

Email Etiquette

Email Etiquette Email Etiquette Email Etiquette By Ali Hale If you work in an office, you probably write emails every day – to colleagues, to your boss, to clients. Even if you’re still at college, you’ll need to email your lecturers once in a while (maybe to plead for an essay extension, or to ask for help) – and many employers now expect resumes and cover letters to be sent by email. So, being able to write a professional, business-like email is a crucial skill. Daily Writing Tips has already covered the email subject line, but the body of your message also matters. 1. Start with a salutation Your email should open by addressing the person you’re writing to. Sure, you can get away with leaving out the salutation when you’re dashing off an email to your friend, but business-like messages should begin with: Dear Mr Jones, or Dear Professor Smith, (for someone you don’t know well, especially if they’re a superior) Dear Joe, or Dear Mandy, (if you have a working relationship with the person) It’s fine to use â€Å"Hi Joe†, â€Å"Hello Joe† or just the name followed by a comma (â€Å"Joe,†) if you know the person well – writing â€Å"Dear Joe† to one of your team-mates will look odd! 2. Write in short paragraphs Get straight to the point – don’t waste time waffling. Split your email into two to four short paragraphs, each one dealing with a single idea. Consider using bullet-points for extra clarity, perhaps if you are: Listing several questions for the recipient to answer Suggesting a number of alternative options Explaining the steps that you’ll be carrying out Put a double line break, rather than an indent (tab), between paragraphs. 3. Stick to one topic If you need to write to someone about several different issues (for example, if you’re giving your boss an update on Project X, asking him for a review meeting to discuss a payrise, and telling him that you’ve got a doctor’s appointment on Friday), then don’t put them all in the same email. It’s hard for people to keep track of different email threads and conversations if topics are jumbled up. 4. Use capitals appropriately Emails should follow the same rules of punctuation as other writing. Capitals are often misused. In particular, you should: Never write a whole sentence (or worse, a whole email) in capitals Always capitalise â€Å"I† and the first letter of proper nouns (names) Capitalise acronymns (USA, BBC, RSPCA) Always start sentences with a capital letter. This makes your email easier to read: try retyping one of the emails you’ve received in ALL CAPS or all lower case, and see how much harder it is to follow! 5. Sign off the email For short internal company emails, you can get away with just putting a double space after your last paragraph then typing your name. If you’re writing a more formal email, though, it’s essential to close it appropriately. Use Yours sincerely, (when you know the name of your addressee) and Yours faithfully, (when you’ve addressed it to â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam†) for very formal emails such as job applications. Use Best regards, or Kind regards, in most other situations. Even when writing to people you know well, it’s polite to sign off with something such as â€Å"All the best,† â€Å"Take care,† or â€Å"Have a nice day,† before typing your name. 6. Use a sensible email signature Hopefully this is common sense – but don’t cram your email signature with quotes from your favourite TV show, motivational speaker or witty friend. Do include your name, email address, telephone number and postal address (where appropriate) – obviously, your company may have some guidelines on these. It makes it easy for your correspondents to find your contact details: they don’t need to root through for the first message you sent them, but can just look in the footer of any of your emails. Putting it all together Compare the following two job applications. The content of the emails are identical – but who would you give the job to? i’ve attached my resume i would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. i have all the experience you are looking for – i’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years, i am competent with ms office and i enjoy working as part of a team. thanks for your time Or Dear Sir/Madam, I’ve attached my resume. I would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I have all the experience you are looking for: I’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years I am competent with MS office I enjoy working as part of a team Thanks for your time. Yours faithfully, Joe Bloggs Have you ever received a really badly written email? Or have you ever been told you need to brush up your own email writing? Share your email etiquette horror stories – and any of your tips – in the comments! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesThat vs. WhichDrama vs. Melodrama

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Marketing - Essay Example The various techniques used for the Nike shoe are then able to strategically position the shoes ahead of other competitors that are in the market to sell shoes. Background of Organization Nike was established in 1972 by business owner, Bill Bowerman. The idea began in 1964 with the desire to create an athletic shoe that could be used effectively for competitive sports. By 1971, Bowerman had established a shoe that would work and then created the Nike brand to develop the new mechanics and techniques for the shoe. Bowerman began by making a contract with the University of Oregon runner Phil Knight. The approach was to give running shoes that would help Knight to have ease o use while running without having some of the malfunctions that come with basic shoes that are used. The business quickly gained a strong reputation in footwear with a current stance of 160 countries which sell the footwear and the employment of over 1 million people. The approach is to use a set of diversity inclus ion within the organization while creating a strong reputation among those interested in the footwear (Nike, 2011). The success of Nike, with a revenue of $91.2 billion in 2010, is one which is based on a portfolio of products. There are now several affiliate businesses that work with Nike for the brand reputation. These include Cole Haan, Converse, Hurley International, Nike Golf and Umbro. The brand identity that is established all carries the overall features of the Nike logo. This is then divided into specific shoes used for sports, such as running shoes, basketball shoes and other specialized makes and models. There are also divisions for women, men and children to further the brand identity. Nike has incorporated sportswear as well as personal trainers with electronics to assist those that are looking for a different approach to their athletic regimen, creating a different set of brands within the Nike organization (Nike, 2011). Marketing Techniques and Strategies The marketin g techniques that are used by Nike involve several dimensions of finding what the best methods are to reach consumers. The first way in which this is done is by segmentation. The theory of segmentation is defined as creating a presence by noting different target markets which would be interested in a product. Meeting this need by establishing demographic relationships can then provide a stronger movement toward sales among those that are interested in the products (Alderson, Cox, 2006 pg. 137). The segmentation of the products isn’t done by developing the product first, then creating a market that will need the item. Instead, there is an established presence created by need first. Each of the shoes that are presented by Nike is segmented first, than established with the mechanics of the shoe to create a need within the segment. Basketball, soccer, football, running shoes and segments among women and men are some of the several ways that Nike has approached building its brand. This is done within the internal environment first, than leads to establishing a presence among those in need with the item. The concept of segmentation becomes essential by noting that there is a need among different groups of individuals, which Nike can then meet by building a reputation from the science used behind the makes and models of each of the shoes. The target

Knolege creatain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Knolege creatain - Essay Example niversities are responsible for this in efficient growth of clusters and business industries are putting in no effort to make use of them for growth and innovation. Each sector has to play a certain role with constant coordination to overcome crises. Grant (1996) suggests that knowledge infuses increased performance opportunities for firms able to understand, and utilize relevant knowledge efficiently. The role of a business industry is to sponsor extensive funds for research work to universities who are struggling hard to raise funds beside their limited funds from government to bring in exceptional innovations, technology and knowledge. Mode 2 is interconnected and not possible without a thorough work of mode 1, therefore business industry should collaborate with universities to carry on research and expand the area of innovative knowledge with practical experiments over it and simultaneously, business industry should give internships, job training and design an individual area to comprehend mode 1 studies into mode 2 work which can examine the loopholes in academic knowledge and its implementation in practical experiences which is not possib le in isolated environment of universities. This changing wave of knowledge economy has a great impact and acts as a driving force towards new opportunities for industries and will smooth the dynamics between universities and industries in the long run. Students independently cannot achieve a complete combination of theoretical and practical work if exposure is not provided but can help demonstrate through their university projects, though not sufficient to unfold their growing minds but can contribute. It is beneficial for students to use their academia through internships or part time jobs in the relevant industry in summers or annual vacations. Universities are the pathways for students but students themselves should take initiative to promote practical enforcement of their academic theories however on large scale,